Abstract: Microchannel flow boiling heat dissipation system has the advantages of small mass, good stability, and good temperature uniformity, and has been widely used in heat dissipation devices for high-density heat-generating electronic equipment. This article elaborates on microchannel flow boiling heat dissipation system from these aspects: mechanism research, technological progress, and application frontier, including the definition of microchannels in the academic and industrial communities and the research progress of its heat dissipation mechanism. At present, the discussion on the existence mechanism and engineering characteristics of microchannel flow boiling is still in the development stage, and the mechanism of the experimental process of the fluid boiling heat transfer system in microchannels is still controversial.