Abstract: While petroleum resources provide a steady stream of power for economic and social development, they also result in a large area of oil and petrochemical contaminated sites, causing increasingly serious pollution to the environment of the sites. Bioremediation technology has attracted extensive attention due to its advantages of being green, environment-friendly, and secondary-pollution-free. This review mainly summarizes the current status and progress of research on bioremediation technology based on microbes and phytoremediation of petroleum and petrochemical contaminated sites, and analyzes limitations of bioremediation technology and prospects for future research focus, aiming to improve the development of bioremediation for petroleum and petrochemical contaminated sites, and provide a scientific basis for the development of bioremediation technology and its all-round applications.