Abstract: A polymer containing a large number of urethane groups (—NHCOO—) in the main chain of the polymer structure is generally referred to as a polyurethane (PU). It is one of the fastest growing polymer synthetic materials in the world. It is gradually recognized by its wide adjustable range of softness and hardness, good flexibility, strong adhesion and low temperature resistance. The superiority of polyurethane has been widely used in many fields of the national economy. Polyurethane microcapsules are usually prepared by interfacial polymerization, and polyurethane as a wall material exhibits superior wear resistance and high mechanical strength. In this paper, the application effects of common monomers and different emulsifiers of polyurethane microcapsules are introduced, and the characteristics of single-shell and multi-shell polyurethane microcapsules, as well as their application properties in phase change materials, coatings, drug and fragrance carriers are reviewed. Finally the prospects for its development are prospected.