Abstract: Road construction has a wide impact on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem, and road ecology provides scientific basis for scientifically elucidating the interaction between human, vehicle, road and the related natural ecological environment system. Aiming at the ecological and environmental characteristics of road construction in different regions, optimizing and regulating the structure and functions of road ecosystem, developing resource-saving and environment-friendly road ecological products, and constructing road ecological engineering technology system are important technical supports for promoting the green development of road construction. According to the strategic development requirements of ecological civilization in China, this paper summarized the structure and function of road ecological system and its related research progress, the connotation, industrial development demand and technical development trend of road ecological engineering technology.