Abstract: Lithium-ion battery technology and industry have developed over the past five decades, and have been widely used in the field of 3C (computer, camera, cellphone) and electric vehicles. The 2019 Nobel Prize in chemistry was awarded to three pioneers in this field. Starting from the scientific research process of the three Nobel Prize winners, the working principles of lithium-ion batteries and the changes in their components were reviewed, the current status of lithium-ion battery industry was summarized and a preliminary prospect for the future development of lithium ion battery was made.