Abstract: The wide application of supercapacitors is due to their high power density, fast charging and discharging performance, and ultra-long cycle life. As electrode materials, transition metal phosphides (TMPs) and layered double metal hydroxides (LDHs) have numerous advantages, such as large specific surface area and good electrochemical activity. However, the magnification performance of TMPs and the conductivity of LDHs are poor due to the inherent properties of the materials. The synergistic effect between TMPs and LDHs can be achieved by combining them to form a heterostructure, thereby improving the power density and cycle life of capacitors. The preparation methods of TMPs, LDHs and their heterojunction electrode materials, as well as their applications in supercapacitors were reviewed. The future research directions and application prospects were discussed.