Abstract: Microinverters possess maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control capabilities, demonstrating increased flexibility and stability. They effectively address the imbalance and mismatch issues in power generation components, consequently improving the overall power generation efficiency of the system. This paper summarizes recent research on microinverter topologies and explores their applications in photovoltaic power generation and other fields. Microinverter topologies are classified into single-stage, direct current-direct current-alternating current (DC-DC-AC) multi-stage, and DC-AC-AC multi-stage structures. The advantages and disadvantages of each topology and their impact on power generation efficiency and safety are analyzed. Among them, single-stage topology features high conversion efficiency but has a compact structure, making improvements challenging; DC-AC-AC multi-stage topology incurs higher costs and has limited related research; DC-DC-AC multi-stage topology offers simple control, a clear structure, and ease of improvement, making it the current research hotspot and future development direction for microinverters. Microinverters have great potential as core components for energy power, motor control and other fields. With advancements in new materials and technologies, microinverters are expected to achieve more significant breakthroughs in single-device power conversion efficiency and control methods, further enhancing the safety and efficiency of photovoltaic power generation systems.