Abstract: Fluorescent materials are an important component of light-emitting diode (LED), and the optical property parameters of phosphors play an important role in the study of white LED. The change of temperature often has great influence on the optical properties of fluorescent materials. By using the semiconductor refrigeration and water cooling system, single chip microcomputer, fluorescence excitation device and integrating sphere spectrum detection system, and combined with proportional, integral and derivative (PID) control algorithm, the heating and refrigeration device and optical detection system integration of the test instrument was designed and established, which accomplished the realization of real-time detection of fluorescence material cold and hot impact performance. After the practical application in laboratories and enterprises, the equipment has accurate temperature control, instantaneously sharp rise and drop of temperature, intelligent safety, and real-time online detection function. The development of this instrument contributes to the intensive study of the reliability of fluorescent materials.