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垃圾焚烧飞灰制烧结砖表征及烧成机理分析

Analysis of characterization and sintering mechanism of sintered bricks produced from waste incineration fly ash

  • 摘要: 为探究飞灰作为掺加料制烧结砖的可行性,本文系统分析了飞灰粒径与晶相含量、原料的矿物与化学成分、物料配比以及所制成品的表观质量与抗压强,并进一步探讨了其烧成机理与成品的环境安全性。实验结果显示:飞灰中约85%粒径<60 μm,且玻璃相含量较高,使得其在烧结过程中表现出较强的活性,有助于降低烧成温度。当飞灰掺加量为10%~20%时,所得成品表观质量良好,抗压强度达MU20等级。温度高于850 ℃时,体系发生大量化合反应,生成较多莫来石等新晶相,将重金属牢牢固化在成品中。成品中仅检出少量Zn的浸出,其浓度远低于标准限值,其他重金属均未检出,且烧结成品中不含有二噁英。综上所述,飞灰能降低烧结砖的烧成温度,所得成品宏观性能良好,大大提高了重金属的固化效果,为飞灰的资源化利用提供了新的可行路径。

     

    Abstract: This study analyzed the feasibility of utilizing waste incineration fly ash as an admixture in the production of sintered bricks. The analysis focused on the fly ash particle size and crystalline phase content, the mineral and chemical composition of the raw materials, material mixing ratios, surface quality and compressive strength of the finished products, the sintering mechanism, and the safety of the final products. Experimental results indicated that 85% of the fly ash particles had a diameter of less than 60 μm, with a relatively high content of glassy phase, which exhibited strong reactivity during sintering and reduced the sintering temperature. When the fly ash admixture content ranged from 10% to 20%, the sintered bricks exhibited good surface quality and compressive strength of MU20. At temperatures above 850 °C, numerous chemical reactions occurred, generating new crystalline phases such as mullite, effectively immobilizing heavy metals in the final products. Only a small amount of Zn leaching toxicity was detected in the finished products, which was significantly lower than the standard limit, while other heavy metals were not detected. Furthermore, the sintered bricks contained no dioxins. In summary, the utilization of fly ash could lower the sintering temperature of sintered bricks, resulting in products with excellent macro-performance and significantly enhanced heavy metal immobilization. This provides a novel approach for the resource utilization of fly ash.

     

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