Abstract: Transition metal sulfide has become a research hotspot in the field of electrocatalytic water decomposition due to its excellent electrocatalytic performance, abundant active centers, adjustable electronic structure, various crystal structures and low price. The physicochemical properties, typical preparation methods and optimization of electrocatalytic water decomposition performance of transition metal sulfide were reviewed, and the electrochemical water decomposition ability of transition metal sulfide as catalytic materials improved by collaborative composite design, heteroatom doping, surface engineering, edge engineering, defect engineering and other optimization methods were discussed. Its future application prospects were also discussed.