Abstract: Climate change may lead to extreme weather disasters and natural disasters. Under the influence of extreme cold weather disasters, road subgrade will settle and pavement will crack. Under the influence of extreme hot weather disasters, rutting and other diseases may occur on the road surface,which will affect the driving safety and speed. Under the influence of natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes and hurricanes, roads may be eroded, broken and collapsed, which greatly affects the rescue speed and the resilience of urban roads after disasters. This paper studies the causes and concepts of road vulnerability under different climate disasters and natural disasters byscholars at home and abroad.This paper summarizes the road vulnerability index and evaluation method, and puts forward the adaptive measures corresponding to the disaster. It provides a literature research basis for the application of urban road vulnerability assessment methods and model construction, and puts forward targeted strategies to make roads adapt and recover as soon as possible under the disaster situation.