Abstract: The condition of the wheels will deteriorate in the process of long-term service, which will affect the safe and stable operation of the locomotive, and due to the large axle of the locomotive and the complexity of the running line, the cycle of the locomotive will be shortened. The locomotive-track coupling dynamic model was established, and the Archard wear model and Kik-Piotrowski contact theory were used for wear analysis, and the wear law of the vehicle and the trimming threshold based on dynamic performance were obtained. The results show that when the curve radius is reduced from 1000 m to 400 m, the growth rate of tread wear is accelerated by 54.5%, and the growth rate of the wheel rim is accelerated by 27%. The larger the proportion of the curve, the greater the impact on the wheel tread and rim. With the increase of the friction coefficient, the influence on the wheel decreases first and then rises, and when the friction coefficient at the top of the rail is 0.15, the impact on the wheel wear is the smallest. The coefficient of friction increased from 0.1 to 0.35, the tread wear increased by 25%, and the wear rate of the rim increased by 64%, and the friction coefficient had a great influence on the wear at the rim position. At speeds of 120 km/h, tread wear and rim wear are significantly higher than at other speeds, and rim wear begins to occur. When 300,000 km is covered at 120 km/h, the kinetic performance reaches the threshold, and the wheels need to be repaired.