Abstract: Active magnetic bearing (AMB), as an advanced non-contact, high-precision bearing technology, is widely used in high-speed rotating machinery, aerospace, and precision equipment fields. This study systematically investigates the static and dynamic performance of AMB. Through simulations and experiments, we evaluate AMB’s load capacity, stiffness, and temperature distribution under various structural parameters, eccentricity ratios, and rotation speeds, optimizing key design parameters such as ampere-turns, magnetic core width, and pole thickness. Additionally, an experimental platform is constructed for vibration signal feature extraction through spectral analysis to identify the system's critical speeds. This study provides a reference for the structural design, performance optimization, and critical speed prediction of active magnetic bearing-rotor systems.