Abstract: Crude oil leakage and discharge have caused great environmental pollution problems. Dietzia has recently been found to possess a strong ability to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons. It can degrade multiple petroleum components such as n-alkanes（C₆~C₄₄）, pristane, phytane, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, etc., and is a potential strain for bioremediation of crude oil pollution. Recent studies on the interaction between Dietziaand microorganisms of different species, the construction of bacterial consortium and the demonstration of application have provided important references for the practical application of Dietzia and the development of on-site bioremediation strategies. The taxonomy, physiological characteristics, isolation source, distribution, and the application prospect of Dietzia were summarized.