Advances in researches on bulb development of Hippeastrum spp.

Hippeastrum spp., renowned as important ornamental plants within the Amaryllidaceae family, face constrained industrial development in China due to underdeveloped bulb propagation systems characterized by low yields, inconsistent bulb quality, and heavy import dependency. This review systematically examines the key influencing factors and regulatory measures for the initiation and development of Hippeastrum bulbs, including bulblet formation sites, cutting time and methods, growth temperature, substrate type, changes in carbon source substances, and hormone regulation mechanisms. The roles of light conditions and mineral nutrition in bulb development are examined, and insights from molecular regulation studies of bulb development in other Amaryllidaceae species are integrated to inform related research on the mechanisms of Hippeastrum. Based on the current research status, it is proposed that future research should focus on exploring the mechanisms of bulblet formation and enlargement from the perspective of molecular biology, enhancing basic research to identify key regulatory factors, and establishing efficient propagation systems by optimizing agronomic measures, so as to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for technological innovation and domestication of the Hippeastrum bulb industry.