有机污染场地生物修复技术挑战与展望

高大文; 赵欢; 李莹; 唐腾; 白雨虹; 向韬; 李钰琪

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-3810.2021.04.002

有机污染场地生物修复技术挑战与展望

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-3810.2021.04.002

1.
北京建筑大学城市环境修复技术研究中心，北京 100044
2.
哈尔滨工业大学城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室，哈尔滨 150090

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2020YFC1808800）资助

详细信息

作者简介:
高大文（1967-），男，博士，教授，主要研究方向为环境生态修复。E-mail：gaodawen@bucea.edu.cn

中图分类号: X53
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-30
- 刊出日期: 2021-12-16

Challenges and Prospects of Bioremediation Technology for Organic Contaminated Sites

1.
Urban Environmental Remediation Technology Research Center，Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture，Beijing 100044，China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment，Harbin Institute of Technology ，Harbin 150090，China

摘要

摘要: 中国大中城市化工企业的大规模搬迁，致使大量工业污染场地遗留在城市周边。研发高效和成本低廉的修复技术，对于实现我国工业污染场地的绿色可持续发展具有重要意义。通过对现有物化和生物修复技术进行综述，指出生物技术在有机污染场地修复中的重要性，并从土壤环境和微生物两方面，分别总结了当前有机污染场地修复面临的挑战，并在高效、持久、稳定的菌剂和酶制剂，以及具有协同效应的生物修复助剂与微生物菌剂配合使用等方面，对有机污染场地生物修复技术研发提出建议。
- 有机污染场地 /
- 生物修复 /
- 菌剂 /
- 酶
Abstract: The large-scale relocation of chemical companies in China's large and medium-sized cities has resulted in a large number of industrially polluted sites left over around the city. The research and development of high-efficiency and low-cost remediation technologies is of great significance for realizing the green and sustainable development of industrially contaminated sites in China. Through a review of the existing physicochemical and bioremediation technologies, the importance of biotechnology in the remediation of organically contaminated sites was put forward, and the current challenges faced by the remediation of organic contaminated sites the aspects of soil environment and microorganisms were summarized. Finally, further research suggestions were offered for the bioremediation of organically contaminated sites, including the development of efficient, durable and stable inoculants and enzyme preparations, as well as the use of synergistic bioremediation additives and microbial inoculants.
- organic contaminated site /
- bioremediation /
- bacterial agent /
- enzymes

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图 1 近5年物理、化学和生物修复有机工业污染场地文献占比

Figure 1. Percentage of literature on physical, chemical and biological remediation of organic industrial contaminated sites in the last five years

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图 2 微生物代谢机理图

Figure 2. Microbial metabolic mechanism diagram

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图 3 有机污染物代谢机理示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the metabolic mechanism of organic pollutants

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表 1 国内外化工污染场地修复工程项目应用技术分析

Table 1. Domestic and foreign chemical contaminated site remediation engineering project application technology analysis

项目名称	污染物的种类	修复技术	来源
北京市化工二厂污染场地修复	氯乙烷、氯乙烯、氯仿等	异位热脱附、常温解吸	[17]
北京市东方化工厂污染场地修复	苯系物、多环芳烃、石油烃	多相抽提、气相抽提、原位氧化
上海市桃浦区某化工污染场地修复	多环芳烃、苯系物	固化/稳定化、化学氧化、热脱附
广州油制气厂污染土壤修复项目	苯系物、多环芳烃、石油烃	异位热脱附、原位化学氧化
美国犹他州图埃勒县军方油库	三硝基甲苯、环三亚甲基三硝铵	异位化学还原技术	[1,8]
美国新泽西州工业乳胶超级基金场地	有机氯农药、多氯联苯、多环芳烃	异位热脱附
美国加利福尼亚州某工业场地	三氯乙烯	多相抽提技术
美国格罗夫兰威尔斯某工业场地	挥发性有机化合物（VOC）、三氯乙烯（TCE）、顺式1，2-二氯乙烯（顺式1，2-DCE）	原位热处理、气相抽提技术

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表 2 能够降解有机物的细菌和真菌

Table 2. Bacteria and fungi capable of degrading organic matter

	菌株	多环芳烃（菲、蒽、芘、芴、萘、荧蒽、苯并芘等）、石油烃、氯代烃	降解条件	降解率	来源
细菌	Dyadobacter jiangsuensis MTCC 12851	氯代烃	30 ℃, 10 d	aqueous medium-80.36%	[32]
	Dyadobacter jiangsuensis MTCC 12851	氯代烃	pH=8.2 ± 0.34, 30 d	soil environment 76.93%	[32]
	Pseudomonas sp.LX2	芘（50 mg/L）	30 ℃, pH=6～7, 23 d	32. 1%	[33]
	CSW2	苯并芘（10 mg/L）	35 ℃, pH=7, 15 d	78.8%	[34]
	PheN9	菲（139.6 μmol/L）	30 ℃, 16 d	54%	[35]
	Desulfobacteraceae	菲	30 ℃, 12 weeks	–	[36]
	Rhodopseudomonas sp. strain PSB07-21	氰戊菊酯（100 mg/L）	pH=7, 30 ℃	–	[37]
	pseudomonas aeruginosa NY3	十六烷（30 μL）	pH=7.5, 30 ℃, 16 h	28.01%	[38]
	pseudomonas aeruginosa NY3	十六烷（30 μL）, 戊二酸（0.1 mol/L）	pH=7.5, 30 ℃, 16 h	11.72%	[38]
	TCC-2	菲（20 mg/kg）	128 d	76.61%	[39]
	TCC-2	三氯二苯脲（20 mg/kg）	128 d	77.20%	[39]
	Microbacberium sp. strain	苯并芘（1 g/L）	35 ℃, 10 d	84.20%	[34]
	Paracoccus sp. Strain HPD-2	苯并芘（10 mg/L）	30 ℃, 7 d	60.00%	[40]
	Streptomyces sp. Hlh9	石油	30 ℃, 7 d	97.50%	[41]
	Streptomyces sp. Zah8	石油	30 ℃, 7 d	85.50%	[41]
	Pseudaminobacter salicylatoxidans CGMCC 1.17248	啶虫脒（1.0 mmol/L）	30 ℃, 14 h	–	[42]
	Methylovorus sp. XLL03	P, P’-DDT	30 ℃, 4 d, pH=6	50.10%	[43]
	pseudomonas aeruginosa	四氯联苯	30 ℃, 7 d, pH=7.5	58.50%	[44]
	Mycobacterium spp.	菲、荧蒽、芘、蒽、苯并芘	30 ℃, 60 d, pH=7	90.00%	[45]
真菌	Aspergillus oryzae MF13	菲	30 ℃, 4 d	65.00%	[46]
	Aspergillus flavipes QCS12	菲	30 ℃, 4 d	87.00%	[46]
	Coriolopsis byrsina strain APC5	芘	25 ℃, 18 d, pH=6	51.85%	[47]
	Phlebia lindtneri GB1027	2,2-双(4-氯苯基)-1,1,1-三氯乙烷	30 ℃, 30 d, pH=6.5	70.90%	[48]
	Trichoderma longibrachiatum FLQ-4	萘、苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并蒽、苯并荧蒽、苯并芘、苯并荧蒽\苯并芘、茚并芘、二苯并蒽、氯乙烯	28 ℃, 30 d	76.30%	[49]
	Pleurotus ostreatus	苯并蒽	28 ℃, 84 d	39.20%	[50]
	Aspergillus terreus	苯并芘	30 ℃, 9 d	38.4%	[51]
	Hypoxylon fragiforme	苊、蒽、芴、1-甲基芴、1-甲基萘、2-甲基萘、菲、芘、邻苯二酚	(25±1) ℃, 21 d	90.30%	[52]
	Coniophora puteana	苊、蒽、芴、1-甲基芴、1-甲基萘、2-甲基萘、菲、芘、邻苯二酚	(25±1) ℃, 21 d	80.00%	[52]

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表 3 微生物降解有机污染物代谢机理

Table 3. Metabolic mechanism of microbial degradation of organic pollutants

污染物质	菌种	代谢物	代谢途径	反应条件	反应效果	参考文献
菲、蒽、芘、苯并芘	Comamonas testosteroni CT1、Comamonas testosteroni KF-1、Pseudomonas putida LN12、Vibrio H5、Buttiauxella S19-1，Acinetobacter calcoaceticus LM1、Pseudomonassp. LY1、Pseudomonas stutzeri JP1、Rhodococcussp. P14	邻苯二甲酸二丁酯	双加氧酶、脱氢酶	36 h， pH= 6.5~7.5，27 ℃	＞83%	[56]
菲、芴	Ganoderma B-18、INIFA T-4148、UH-B、INIFA T-4149、 UH-D,INIFA T 4150 UH-E、 INIFA T 4151、 UH-G,INIFA T 4152、UH-L、INIFA T 4153、 UH-M,INIFA T 4154	–	–	96 h, 36 ℃	菲：70% 芴：60%	[70]
菲、蒽	Pleurotus ostreatus D1、Agaricus bisporus F-8	菲醌、蒽醌、邻苯二甲酸	漆酶、多功能氧化酶	–	–	[71]
蒽、菲、芴	L. gongylophorus strain FF-2006	蒽酮、蒽醌	漆酶	24 h， pH=6.0，30 ℃	蒽：72.1% 菲：25.3% 芴：40.3%	[72]
2,2-双(4-氯苯基)-1,1,1-三氯乙烷	Stenotrophomonassp. DDT-1	2,2-双(4-氯苯基)-1,1,1-二氯乙烯、二氯二苯二氯代甲烷	–	pH=7.0，35 ℃	–	[73]
多氯联苯	Pleurotus pulmonarius LBM 105	–	漆酶、多功能氧化酶、短链脱氢酶、醛酮还原酶	pH=4.6，28 ℃	＞80%	[74]
十六烷	P. aeruginosa NY3	短链烷烃	苯那津化合物	24 h， pH=7.0，30 ℃	–	[75]
四溴双酚A	Pseudomonassp. fz	三溴双酚A、二溴双酚A、双酚A、2-溴苯酚、4-异丙烯-2,6-二溴苯酚	胞外H₂O₂、L-氨基酸氧化酶	7 d，pH=7.2，35 ℃， 150 r/min	＞90%	[55]

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